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Business Law & Ethics Notes, ATI, CPA, ACCA

Welcome to my ATI / ACCA / CPA law cram/notes booklet, before I go on, I will just explain that not every topic in the ATI / ACCA / CPA exams is covered in this book but probably 70% of the major areas are, (this is a revision and cram booklet, not a textbook).  I teach ATI & CPA law and ethics and business management and have found that putting notes together for my students has proved invaluable and also helps me to ensure that no areas are left unstudied.

The primary aim of law revision is to prepare yourself for the exams ahead, these law notes have all of the relevant topics you need to pass your ATI / ACCA / CPA exam, of course you must have the information in the first place so ensure you have bought a good law manual, (my business law book, which covers ALL of the ATI / ACCA / CPA modules and LO’s, An Introduction to Business Law is available on Amazon)

It is vital that you prepare your study time using a study planner, (laid out below). Type or rewrite your lecture or book notes, (do not highlight) you learn easier and quicker when you are writing the notes, ensure that you use your textbook alongside your notes; this ensures you go back to cases etc. (I have not put many cases in these notes, these are notes not executive summaries)

Leave room in your notes for addendums and highlight those, use as little highlighting as possible, this ensure that your brain focuses on the highlights not merely sweeping by a whole page of highlights.

Doodle, yes doodle, draw little reminders, draw aspects which you can easily remember, use word association such as in the law of contract one case which dealt with the illegal sale of birds, was Partridge v Crittenden, a partridge is a bird….

Case names are very important, however it is just as important to know the facts of the case, and the ruling in the case, so I would suggest you read as many articles (and your textbooks) on each case, do your own notes and addendums, and be sure to write down the ruling.

Learning law is like learning a new language, so understand that you need to be immersed in it, to grasp it, read as many legal articles as you can, legal journals, find areas of law which really interest you. And my number one numer ono, numer jeden, get out and have some fun, it is okay to have a life, to have fun, hang out with your friends, just remember that all work and no play makes…….

Exam notes, cram notes or study notes – whatever you call them, they are the saviour for some law students. Instead of concentrating on exams many law students spent a large proportion of their study time preparing notes and flashcards. That’s where our law cram notes comes in, we take care of all of your important and precedent notes and cases, all prepared and put into modules.  Also included are Multiple Choice questions AND Answers, over 250 carefully chosen and selected MCQs to help you pass your exams.

Although I am now retired from teaching I still keep abreast of legal issues and updating books are required.  If you would like more detailed explanations of each module you can visit my website teresaclyne.com where you will get details of some of my other books including the Law of Contract, The Law of Tort, The Irish Legal System, Company Law and Business Law manuals.

Contents.
Introduction.
Section One or LO1.
The Irish Legal System.
The Organs of State.
Separation of Powers.
The Attorney General The Director of Public Prosecutions..
The Rule of Law.
Sources of law in Ireland.
Bunreacht na hÉireann, 1937.
Common law (Case Law and Precedent).
Legislation.
Primary legislation.
Secondary/delegated legislation.
Avoiding / Departing from precedent.
Statutory Interpretation.
Precedent – authoritative / persuasive.
Burden of Proof.
Standard of Proof.
Distinction between criminal and civil cases.
Law of Equity.
The Commercial Court.
EU Law, institutions – powers.
Primary Law.
Secondary Law.
The EU institutions:
EU Treaties.
Regulations.
Directives.
Decisions.
Recommendations.
Opinions.
The Differences between a solicitor and a barrister in Irish law.
Suing a Solicitor or Barrister.
Multiple Choice Questions.
TORT.
Types of Tort.
Aims of Tort.
Negligence.
Duty of care.
Breach (standard).
Causation.
Remoteness.
Strict liability.
Statute of limitations.
Misrepresentation.
Trespass to Person.
Battery.
False Imprisonment.
Defences to tort of trespass.
Trespass to Goods.
Conversion.
Sample conversion.
Trespass to Goods.
Detinue.
Trespass to Land.
Private Nuisance.
Defences to Private Nuisance.
Public Nuisance.
Defences in nuisance.
Remedies for Nuisance.
Damages.
Remedies for public nuisance.
Strict Liability.
Manufacturers Strict Liability.
Vicarious Liability.
Defamation.
Defences to Defamation.
Case Law (Tort “general”).
Defence in Tort.
Remedies.
Damages.
Nominal.
Injunctions.
Losses.
Elements of Passing off.
Multiple Choice Questions.
Privity of contract.
Consideration.
Discharge of Debt.
Evidentiary requirements in contracts.
Tenders (cases)
White v. Bluett Harvela Investments Ltd. V Royal trust Co. of Canada.
Felthouse V Bindley.
Edwards V Skyways.
Stilk V Myrick.
Hartley V Ponsonby.
Glasbrook Bros V Glamorgan County Council.
Revenue Commissioners V Moroney.
Lowry V Reid.
Implied contracts.
Voidable contracts.
Spurling V Bradshaw.
Misrepresentation.
Mistake.
Illegality.
Duress, Undue influence.
Capacity.
Unconsciousable Bargain.
Defences to unconciousable bargain
Discharging a contract, including discharge by frustration and exceptions to discharge by frustration Contract Add-ons (addendums).
Hadley V Baxendate.
Law of Agency.
Ratification.
Agency by Estoppel.
Agency by Emergency.
Multiple Choice Questions.
Sales contracts distinguished from other contracts.
Rules as to the Intentions of the parties.
Consumer Protection Act 2007.
Misleading practices Telling lies (about the product) or enticing a buyer to buy by telling them things about the item which are not true.
Aggressive Practices.
Multiple Choice Questions.
Negotiable Instruments.
Chose in Action.
Crossing cheques.
MCQ’s.
Business Organisations.
Company law.
Partnerships.
Types of partnership.
The Public Limited Company (PLC)
Key features Share capital requirements.
Constitution / Articles of Association / memorandum of Association.
Solutions to Multiple Choice Questions.

law cram notes

CLICK HERE TO BUY BUY BUSINESS LAW CRAM NOTES FOR ATI ACCA AND CPA

An Introduction to Criminology

Criminology for Beginners has been written for aspiring criminologists or those wish to study criminology purely for personal interest. It has been written in easy to follow terms and will enable the student to understand the basics behind criminological theories, from the definition of crime to deviant and anti-social behaviour, from the Salem witch trials to medieval ordeals, the history of criminology, classical, neoclassical to modern day theories of crimes.
It goes on the discuss Crime and Punishment and the Legal Systems in Both the UK and Ireland, finally discussing the Police, Courts and Judicial systems who deal with the perpetrators of crime

Introduction
Criminological Theories
Criminology Defined
Crime
Criminology
Antisocial, deviant and immoral conduct
The History of Criminology
The Salem Witch Trials
Medieval Trials
The Enlightenment age
The Classical School
Jeremy Bentham
Neoclassical
The Positivist theory
Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828)
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Modern Theories of Crime
Anomie or Strain Theory
Social Learning Theory
Social Control Theory
Labelling Theory
Radical Theory
Deterrence Theory
An Economic Model of Crime
Deterrence and Econometrics
Environmentalism
Rational Choice
Ethnicity and Crime
Feminist Theory
Age and Crime
Age/Crime Curve
Distribution of Crime.” American Journal of Sociology
Mental Disorder and Crime
The Original position
The veil of ignorance
The Veil of Ignorance.
Rawls Reasonable Citizens
Rawls principle of Justice
The Chicago School and the US theories
Robert Park and Ernest Burgess
Right Realism
Left idealists
White Collar Crime
Insider Dealing
Money laundering
Theories of Violent Crime
Murder
Gang Crime
Modern gangs
Theories of Criminal Behaviour.
Psychoanalytic theorists and the origins of crime
Psychoanalysis
Sexual Offenders
Rape
Biological Theories of crime
Genetic – Twin Studies
Genetic – Adoption Studies
Intelligence and Learning in Criminology
Goddard’s work was discredited
Crime addictions
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Craving
Salience
Euphoria / relief / mood regulation
Conflict
Relapse
Recognising criminal addictions
A Theoretical Model of Behaviour Addictions for Addictive Offenders 88
Media and Crime
The Media Representation of Crime
Labelling Theory:
Deviancy Theory
Strain Theory
The Irish Legal System
Brehon Law
Source one – The Irish Constitution
Source two – European Community Law
The European Community Treaties
Regulations
Directives.
Decisions.
Recommendations.
Opinions.
Source three – Common Law
Source four – Acts of the Oireachtas or Legislation
Delegated/secondary legislation
The English Legal System
The Rule of Law
The Different Departments in the Police Service
Criminal Investigations Department (CID)
Dog handlers
Mounted Police
River police
The Prison service HMS Prisons
History of the Prison Service
Probation
Role and Function of the Probation Service
Magistrates’ and County Courts
The Crown Court
High Court
Supreme Court.
Penology in the UK
Penology in Ireland
Location of Prisons and Places of Detention
The Garda Siochána
The Civic Guards
Criminal division of the Gardaí
Modern Gardaí
Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB)
Special Detective Unit
Civil Liability & Courts Act 2004Criminology July 2017

The Law of Tort in Ireland

The Law of Tort
Torts are concerned with civil wrongs, whereby one party causes damage to another party.
         • Tort is the French word for a “wrong” or Latin for “twisted”.
• Tort is a branch of Civil Law; therefore a tort in law is called a “Civil Wrong”
• Tort law protects a variety of injuries and provides remedies (ways to fix) them.
Torts can be distinguished from legal wrongs:
A Tort is not a breach of contract, where the obligation which is alleged to have been breached arose under an agreement between two parties.  A Tort is not a crime, where the object of proceedings is to punish the offender rather than compensate the victim.
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Using tort law, an injured party can bring a civil case to seek compensation for a wrong done to the party (plaintiff, or injured party) or the party’s property.
Tort damages or compensation are monetary damages that are sought from the offending party.
They are intended to compensate the injured party for the injury suffered.
The Law of Tort
Types of Tort
Intentional Torts
Trespass to the person
Threats
Silent phone calls
Trespass torts in medicine
Defences to the tort of trespass
Consent
Self-defence
Defence of Third Persons
Lawful Authority
Defence of Property
Duress (pressure or threat)
Trespass to Land
Trespass to Goods
Conversion
Sample conversion
Chose in Action (Intangible Property – Transferable by assignment)
Trespass to Goods – Detinue
Nuisance
Private Nuisance
Locus Standi
Omissions
Damage or Interference
Material Damage
Interference with enjoyment
Magnitude of harm
Nature of locality
Defendant’s motives
Social utility
Defences to Private Nuisance
Remedies
Injunctions
Public Nuisance:
Pure Economic Loss
Remedies
Damages
Injunctions
Private Rented Tenants:
Local Authority Tenants:
Private Homeowner:
Alarms
Passing Off
Elements of Passing off
Defamation
Defences to Defamation.
Defamation Cases in Ireland
Blasphemy
Defamation Act 2010
Defences
Damages
Unintentional Torts
Negligence
Duty of Care
Irish development in duty of care
Foreseeability and Policy Factors
Contributory Negligence
The Standard of Care
Breach (of the duty of care)
Causation
Causes-in-fact
The “but for” Test
Novus Actus Interveniens
Material Contribution test
Bolitho Test
Fairchild
Remoteness
“Cause in law”
The “thin skull” rule.
Professional Negligence
Defences in Negligence
Voluntary assumption of risk (defence of consent)
Illegality
Contributory Negligence
Damages
Strict Liability Torts
The Occupiers Liability Act 1995
Vicarious Liability
Employers Liability
Liability for Defective Products
Liability for Defective Products Act 1991 (No. 28 of 1991)
Rylands V Fletcher:
Statute of limitations
The lighter side of the law
Law of Tort – Multiple Choice Questions
Law of Tort – Multiple Choice Questions – Solutions
Glossary of Terms

Authored by Teresa M Clyne MSc

Irish Law: The Irish Legal system for Beginners

A guide to the Irish Legal System with a user-friendly index. The compact format of this pocket-sized booklet makes it ideal for the reader to access information which they can carry around in their purse or coat which makes it convenient and suitable for daily life.

Law and the legal system are at the heart of all aspects of life in Ireland, from buying a cup of coffee on the way to work to investing in your first (or any home), getting a job to opening a new business, law surrounds our every move, yet most people living in Ireland are unaware of its impact on their daily lives.

legal-system

The first time most people encounter the law is either, in a small civil matter, like contract issues, or minor road traffic offences, such as parking illegally or speeding etc.This basic introductory PocketBook is just that, a layman’s guide, it is not meant to be an academic text book, it is merely a guide, however, saying that, many first year law students on the CPA, ATI and ACCA courses as well as year one legal proactive and LLB students find it invaluable as it introduces all the rules and principles in plain English and they can then get on with the important task of learning the terminology once they come to grasps with the principles.

There is a self-test MCQ at the end of the book AND answers.

So what’s inside

What is a legal system
What is a crime
The distinction between criminal and civil cases
The burden and standard of proof
Classification of Laws
Substantive Law
Procedural Law
Civil Law
Criminal law
Natural Law
Canon law
The Rule of Law
Common law compared to Civil law
Common Law
Civil Law
Pre Common Law in Ireland
Brehon Law
Sources of law in Ireland
European Community Law
The Doctrine of Supremacy
The European Community Treaties
Regulations
Directives
The EC institutions
The Organs of the EC
The Irish Constitution
Fundamental personal rights guaranteed under the Irish constitution
Common-Law
Acts of the Oireachtas or Legislation
Primary Legislation
Delegated Secondary legislation
Associated Statutory Instruments
The Rule of Law
The Separation of Powers
The Attorney General
The Organs of State
The President
The Executive
The Legislative
The Judiciary
Judicial Independence
The legislative process in Ireland
Statutory Interpretation
Aids to Interpretation
Intrinsic aids
Extrinsic aids
Interpretation Acts
The Law of Equity
Equitable Remedies
An Introduction to the Irish Court System
The District Court in Ireland
The Small Claims Court
The Circuit Court in Ireland
The High Court in Ireland
Structure of the High Court of Ireland
The Court of Appeal in Ireland
The Supreme Court in Ireland
The lighter side of the law
Multiple Choice Questions
page

 

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